Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Approach for Understanding and Treating Pain

Abstract

The biomedical model's narrow focus on structural causes is inadequate for chronic pain, which involves complex, multifactorial issues beyond tissue damage. Chronic pain affects nearly 21% of U.S. adults, underscoring the urgent need for a deeper understanding of pain among rehabilitation clinicians. The biopsychosocial (BPS) model broadens this perspective by considering psychological and social factors, such as emotional distress and lifestyle impacts, alongside physical aspects. Despite the effectiveness of combining exercise with BPS education in treating chronic pain, current educational and clinical practices have yet to fully embrace this comprehensive approach. Future research should prioritize incorporating BPS principles into healthcare education and clinical guidelines to improve treatment outcomes and address the significant effects of chronic pain on individuals' quality of life, healthcare engagement, and daily activities.